Do Cats Need Sunbathing? A Vet Explains What Happens If They Don't Get Enough Sun

Have you ever seen a cat relaxing in a sunny spot?

Humans also find it pleasant to be in the sun in moderation. It’s the same for cats; sunbathing has various benefits beyond just warming the body. In this article, we will explain sunbathing for cats.

The benefits of cats sunbathing

Sunbathing has various benefits besides warming the body.

Serotonin secretion

Serotonin is a neurotransmitter produced in the brain that is related to mental stability and is often called the "happiness hormone." It is also deeply connected to sleep and is said to help deepen sleep. It is believed that increased serotonin secretion from sunbathing helps relieve stress in cats.

Maintaining skin health

The ultraviolet rays contained in sunlight have a sterilizing effect on microorganisms. Therefore, moderate exposure to sunlight makes it harder for microorganisms to settle on the skin. It also helps deter fleas and ticks.

Additionally, sunbathing improves blood circulation in the skin, which can help maintain skin health.

Vitamin D absorption

In humans, sun exposure triggers the synthesis of vitamin D. Vitamin D is a vitamin that keeps calcium levels in the body constant and is involved in immune regulation. In cats, vitamin D is not synthesized through sun exposure—making vitamin D in their diet crucial—but it is believed that exposure to sunlight may promote the absorption of vitamin D.

Diseases in cats caused by sunbathing

If a cat is exposed to too much sun, it can cause sun-related illnesses. The following are diseases that can occur due to sunbathing:

• Dermatitis (Photosensitivity)
• Squamous cell carcinoma
• Cataracts
• Keratitis

Dermatitis and squamous cell carcinoma are more likely to occur in white cats, cats with light pigmentation, and senior cats, causing lesions such as sores on the ears and face. Also, because light enters the eyes even when the eyelids are closed, they are more susceptible to eye diseases.

If your cat sunbathes often, have them undergo regular health checkups at a veterinary clinic. If you notice anything unusual, such as dermatitis on the face or ears that won't heal, or cloudy eyes, consult your veterinarian immediately.

What happens if a cat lacks sunlight?

Depending on your living environment, your cat may not get much sun. Does lack of sunlight cause any problems? A lack of sunlight is thought to contribute to a weakened immune system, inability to regulate body temperature, and emotional instability.

Weakened immune system

While cats do not synthesize vitamin D through sunbathing, it is thought to be related to vitamin D absorption. Vitamin D not only regulates calcium but also helps regulate the immune system. A lack of sunlight is believed to lead to a weakened immune system.

Body temperature regulation

Cats regulate their body heat efficiently by sunbathing. Cats that do not sunbathe may find it difficult to regulate their body temperature efficiently, increasing the risk of heatstroke or hypothermia.

Emotional instability

When exposed to sunlight, the brain secretes serotonin, which is involved in emotional stability. Emotionally stable cats tend to be less prone to behavioral issues like destructive or aggressive behavior, or appetite abnormalities. Lack of sunlight can lead to reduced serotonin levels, potentially causing behavioral or appetite issues.

In humans, it is well known that regions with few daylight hours or the winter season often lead to depressive symptoms due to serotonin deficiency (seasonal affective disorder).

Recommended ways for cats to sunbathe

Cats don't need to be directly in the sun to sunbathe. UV rays pass through windows, and the warmth is effectively transmitted as well. Forcing your cat onto a balcony to get sun can lead to accidents like falling. Also, if there are outdoor cats in the neighborhood, your cat may react to them, potentially leading to them escaping or contracting infectious diseases. We recommend that sunbathing be done indoors.

While cats often sunbathe naturally, if they don't get much sun, try exposing them to sunlight for about 15–30 minutes. It is also important to avoid the strongest sunlight hours between 10:00 AM and 3:00 PM. Conversely, if they are out in the sun for long periods, be sure to provide a shaded area. For cats with sensitive skin or light pigmentation, sunlight can worsen their condition, so use curtains or similar items to partially block the sun.

During sunbathing, cats may feel so comfortable that they fall asleep, which can lead to their body temperature rising without you realizing it. Keep drinking water near your cat so they can hydrate.

Summary

Cats are animals that love to sunbathe. Sunbathing has various benefits for cats, including emotional stability, boosting immunity, and regulating body temperature. However, sunbathing also has downsides, such as the risk of dermatitis, skin cancer, and cataracts. Additionally, long periods of sunbathing in inappropriate temperatures can actually be harmful. We want to ensure our cats have proper sunbathing habits so they don't get sick.